Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and uncomfortable condition that can affect both dogs and cats. If not treated promptly, UTIs can progress to more serious problems, including kidney infections, bladder stones, and urinary obstructions. At Veterinary Medical Center of Indian River County in Vero Beach, Florida, we believe prevention and early detection are the best tools for keeping your pet healthy and comfortable.

This guide will help you understand the causes, symptoms, treatments, and preventive measures for UTIs—so you can protect your pet before complications arise.

If your pet is showing signs of urinary issues, contact us today for prompt, compassionate care.

Causes of UTIs in Pets

A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract, typically through the urethra, and multiply within the bladder. Several risk factors can increase a pet’s likelihood of developing an infection:

Common Causes

  • Bacterial infection: Often from fecal matter or environmental debris near the genital area.
  • Incomplete bladder emptying: This can occur due to pain, neurological issues, or anatomical problems.
  • Urinary stones or crystals: These can irritate the bladder lining and trap bacteria.
    Urinary Stones in Small Animals – ACVS
  • Diabetes: Sugar in the urine provides an ideal environment for bacteria.
    Not So Sweet: Diabetes in Pets – AAHA
  • Dehydration: Concentrated urine promotes bacterial growth.
  • Urinary obstruction: Especially dangerous in male cats and requires emergency treatment.
    Urinary Obstruction in Male Cats – ACVS
  • Anatomical abnormalities, such as hooded vulvas, which trap moisture, urine, and bacteria. This condition is more common in overweight dogs, certain breeds, or pets with recessed vulvas. Extra hygiene may help, but in some cases, surgery (vulvoplasty) may be recommended to reduce chronic infections.

Symptoms of a UTI in Pets

UTIs may start with mild signs but can quickly become serious. Recognizing early symptoms allows for faster treatment.

Common Signs of UTI

  • Frequent urination, often in small amounts
  • Straining or vocalizing during urination
  • Blood-tinged or foul-smelling urine
  • Excessive licking of the genital area
  • Urinating indoors or outside the litter box
  • Visible discomfort or agitation after urinating

Signs of a Urinary Emergency

Seek veterinary care immediately if your pet:

  • Cannot urinate or is straining with no output
  • Cries out in pain while trying to urinate
  • Is lethargic, vomiting, or refusing food
  • Has a swollen, painful abdomen

Learn more from Cornell Veterinary’s UTI Resource.

Diagnosing UTIs in Pets

Your veterinarian may recommend several tests to diagnose and understand the cause of your pet’s UTI:

  • Urinalysis: Identifies white blood cells, bacteria, pH changes, and other indicators.
  • Urine culture and sensitivity testing: Pinpoints the exact bacteria and determines the most effective antibiotic.
  • Bloodwork: Checks kidney function, blood sugar levels, and detects systemic illness.
  • Imaging: X-rays or ultrasound may be used to detect bladder stones or anatomical problems.

More on UTIs – Embrace Pet Insurance

Treatment Options for UTIs

Antibiotics

  • Antibiotics are the standard treatment for bacterial UTIs.
  • Completing the full course is essential—even if symptoms improve early—to prevent recurrence or antibiotic resistance.

Pain Management

  • Pets with UTIs often experience inflammation and discomfort.
  • Anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce pain and help your pet urinate more comfortably.

Hydration Support

Encouraging your pet to drink more helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract:

  • Switch to wet food or add water to dry kibble.
  • Try pet-safe broths (no onions or garlic).
  • Use a pet water fountain to increase interest.
  • Add ice cubes to water bowls for enrichment.

Creative hydration tip: Freeze water mixed with blueberries, chopped apples, or green beans in a Kong or mold to make a fun, pet-safe ice treat that hydrates and entertains.

Addressing Underlying Conditions

  • Bladder stones: Prescription diets may dissolve small stones; larger ones may require surgery.
    Urinary Stones in Small Animals – ACVS
  • Diabetes: Managing blood glucose is crucial to reducing UTI risk.
  • Hooded vulva: Surgical correction (vulvoplasty) may be recommended for pets with recurring UTIs related to this anatomical issue. Until then, daily cleaning of the area and trimming surrounding hair can help reduce bacteria buildup.
  • Environmental hygiene: Ensure your pet isn’t dragging their rear in dirt or mulch—this can force bacteria into the urethra, especially in females.

Preventing UTIs in Pets

Prevention is the best long-term strategy to protect your pet’s urinary health:

Keep Your Pet Hydrated

  • Provide multiple sources of clean water throughout the house.
  • Use wet food or mix in water to dry meals.

Regular Potty Breaks

  • Allow dogs frequent bathroom access to avoid urine retention.
  • Keep litter boxes clean and easily accessible for cats.

Maintain Genital Hygiene Habits

  • Wipe your pet’s genital area after walks or urination.
  • Long-haired pets may need trimming around the vulva or prepuce.
  • Check for signs of irritation, swelling, or discharge.

Feed a Balanced Diet

  • Some prescription diets can prevent stones or reduce urinary pH imbalances.
  • Ask your veterinarian about urinary health formulations if your pet is prone to infections.

Routine Veterinary Care

  • Schedule annual exams and urinalysis for early detection.
  • Pets with a history of UTIs may benefit from more frequent monitoring.

How Veterinary Medical Center of Indian River County Can Help

Our team is committed to providing expert care for every pet, whether they’re experiencing a first-time UTI or dealing with chronic urinary issues.

We offer:

  • In-house diagnostics for fast, accurate results
  • Urinary stone screening and management
  • Surgical solutions for anatomical issues like hooded vulvas
  • Personalized treatment and prevention plans
  • Compassionate follow-up care to reduce the risk of recurrence

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UTIs can be painful and frustrating—but they’re also treatable and often preventable. If your pet is showing signs of a urinary tract problem, don’t wait. Timely intervention can prevent serious complications and get your pet back to feeling their best.

Request an Appointment Today